Be Better Writers! Synonyms to Enhance Writing! | |
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Online Thesis and Outline Builder:
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http://www.ozline.com/electraguide/thesis.php
NeEd To KnOw GrAmMaR | |
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MLA Format:
Formatting and Style Guide- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/1/
In-Text Citations: The Basics- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/
Formatting Quotations- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/3/
Endnotes and Footnotes- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/4/
Works Cited Page: The Basics- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/5/
Works Cited Page: Books- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/6/
Works Cited: Electronic Sources- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/8/
Additional Resources- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/10/
Citations: http://www.citationmachine.net/mla/cite-a-book
Formatting and Style Guide- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/1/
In-Text Citations: The Basics- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/
Formatting Quotations- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/3/
Endnotes and Footnotes- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/4/
Works Cited Page: The Basics- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/5/
Works Cited Page: Books- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/6/
Works Cited: Electronic Sources- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/8/
Additional Resources- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/10/
Citations: http://www.citationmachine.net/mla/cite-a-book
ELEMENTS OF FICTION PLOT LINE
Plot- the action or sequence of related events that make up a story; consists of 5 basic elements
Exposition-the characters and setting are introduced
Rising Action-the complications that build to the climax; conflict(s) developed
Climax-the turning point in the story
Falling Action-events leading to the resolution
Resolution-conflict(s)resolved; loose ends are tied up
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Irony- using a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal meaning, 3 types:
Dramatic- where the reader or the audience is aware of a character’s mistakes, but the character does not
Verbal-where the writer says one thing and means another
Irony of situation- where there is greater difference between the purpose of an action and the result
Setting- the time of day or year, historical period, place, situation; influence on story
Characterization-the techniques the author uses to create and develop character (4 types)
a. thoughts, speech,and actions of the character
b. thoughts, speech,and actions of other characters
c. physical description
d. direct comments
Protagonist-the main character in the story
Antagonist- the person or force working against the main character
Foreshadowing-the clues or hints given by the author about what might happen later in the story
Flashback-a scene that interrupts the present action to describe an event that took place at an earlier time
Mood- the feeling the text creates in the reader (gloomy, scary, humorous, romantic, adventurous,lighthearted)
Suspense- the growing tension and excitement the reader feels
Symbolism- the authors use of symbols to represent concrete ideas, events, or relationships
Theme- the underlying idea/message/statement the author is trying to convey
Point of View-the perspective from which the story is told
1st person- the narrator is a character who tells the story as he/she experience, saw, heard, and understood; identified by the use of first person
pronouns: I, we, me, us, etc.
3rd person omniscient- the narrator is all-knowing with the ability to see into the minds of more than one character
3rd person limited- the narrator has the ability to see into the mind of only one character
Conflict-a struggle or problem between or among opposing forces that triggers the action in literature
Two kinds of conflict- internal and external
Four types of conflict- person vs. person person vs. society
person vs. him/herself person vs. nature
Tone- the writer/narrator’s attitude towards a subject through his or her own word choice (sarcastic,ironic, serious, funny, hesitant, angry, cheerful, etc.)
Style- the method in which the author writes (simple, blunt, flowery, fast paced, full of digressions,full of flashbacks, stream-of-consciousness, etc.)
ELEMENTS OF READING
Inference- logical guess or conclusion based on evidence; read between the lines
Prediction- using prior knowledge and/or details to guess what will happen in the future
Drawing Conclusions-combining several pieces of information to make a decision
Sequencing-arranging events to aid in understanding of a text: developmental, chronological, level of difficulty (easy to hard, hard to easy), structure (part to whole/whole to part)
Author’s Purpose- the intent the author had when writing (to entertain, inform, persuade, etc.)
Compare/Contrast-identifying similarities or differences in the reading
Fact-a statement that can be proved or disproved
Opinion- a belief or conclusion that is not supported by evidence or facts
Visual Aids- visual representation of the information presented; usually helps clarify or explaininformation to the reader (graphs, charts, etc.)
Cause/Effect- describes a relationship between events; the first event in time is the cause and thesecond event is the effect
Bias- the writer’s attitude,outlook or prejudice; writer’s leaning or belief about a topic
Main Idea-the most important idea in a passage; the point the author is trying to make
Literal-adhering to the fact or the primary meaning or intent
Implied-a suggested meaning or intent (as opposed to explicit)
Explicit-clearly revealed or expressed
Propaganda- the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or hurting a cause
Bandwagon-a persuasive technique that attempts to get people to follow the crowd using the logical fallacy that since “everyone likes it”, it must be good
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Epic- a narrative poem,usually about the heroic adventures and heroic deeds of a folk hero (e.g.,Homer’s “Iliad”)
Lyric- a short poem that expresses personal feelings or emotions, often in a song-like style or form
Sonnet-a poem consisting of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme which expresses a thought or feeling in a unified way
Ballad- a narrative, often of folk origin and intended to be sung; consists of simple stanzas, usually with a refrain
Elegy- a song or poem written as a lament for the dead
Haiku-a style of Japanese poetry consisting of three unrhymed lines of 5,7,5 syllables; traditionally about nature or the seasons
Free Verse- a style of poetry that has an irregular rhyme or line pattern; verse that is developed according to the author’s own style
ELEMENTS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Simile- comparison of two unlike objects using like or as
Metaphor- direct comparison of two unlike objects
Personification- giving human attributes to non-human things
Hyperbole- a figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humor
Idiom- expression that means something different that the words actually mean; understandable to a particular culture, language, or group of people (e.g. “let the cat out of the bag”)
PARAGRAPHING TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Topic Sentence- providesclear and easily identifiable purpose and main idea
Supporting Sentences- the details used in writing to prove, explain, or describe a topic
Conclusion Sentence-summarizes or retells the main idea as an effective way to end
Transitions-words or phrases that connect or tie ideas, words, sentences, or paragraphs together
Introductory Paragraph- the first paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention, makes him or her want to read the rest of the composition, and states the main idea
Thesis Statement-a statement that gives the main idea or focus of an essay
Body Paragraph-the details used in paragraphs to prove, explain, or describe a topic; all paragraphs in the body work together to support the main idea
Concluding Paragraph- the final paragraph that ties the ideas together and restates the main idea
Plot- the action or sequence of related events that make up a story; consists of 5 basic elements
Exposition-the characters and setting are introduced
Rising Action-the complications that build to the climax; conflict(s) developed
Climax-the turning point in the story
Falling Action-events leading to the resolution
Resolution-conflict(s)resolved; loose ends are tied up
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Irony- using a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal meaning, 3 types:
Dramatic- where the reader or the audience is aware of a character’s mistakes, but the character does not
Verbal-where the writer says one thing and means another
Irony of situation- where there is greater difference between the purpose of an action and the result
Setting- the time of day or year, historical period, place, situation; influence on story
Characterization-the techniques the author uses to create and develop character (4 types)
a. thoughts, speech,and actions of the character
b. thoughts, speech,and actions of other characters
c. physical description
d. direct comments
Protagonist-the main character in the story
Antagonist- the person or force working against the main character
Foreshadowing-the clues or hints given by the author about what might happen later in the story
Flashback-a scene that interrupts the present action to describe an event that took place at an earlier time
Mood- the feeling the text creates in the reader (gloomy, scary, humorous, romantic, adventurous,lighthearted)
Suspense- the growing tension and excitement the reader feels
Symbolism- the authors use of symbols to represent concrete ideas, events, or relationships
Theme- the underlying idea/message/statement the author is trying to convey
Point of View-the perspective from which the story is told
1st person- the narrator is a character who tells the story as he/she experience, saw, heard, and understood; identified by the use of first person
pronouns: I, we, me, us, etc.
3rd person omniscient- the narrator is all-knowing with the ability to see into the minds of more than one character
3rd person limited- the narrator has the ability to see into the mind of only one character
Conflict-a struggle or problem between or among opposing forces that triggers the action in literature
Two kinds of conflict- internal and external
Four types of conflict- person vs. person person vs. society
person vs. him/herself person vs. nature
Tone- the writer/narrator’s attitude towards a subject through his or her own word choice (sarcastic,ironic, serious, funny, hesitant, angry, cheerful, etc.)
Style- the method in which the author writes (simple, blunt, flowery, fast paced, full of digressions,full of flashbacks, stream-of-consciousness, etc.)
ELEMENTS OF READING
Inference- logical guess or conclusion based on evidence; read between the lines
Prediction- using prior knowledge and/or details to guess what will happen in the future
Drawing Conclusions-combining several pieces of information to make a decision
Sequencing-arranging events to aid in understanding of a text: developmental, chronological, level of difficulty (easy to hard, hard to easy), structure (part to whole/whole to part)
Author’s Purpose- the intent the author had when writing (to entertain, inform, persuade, etc.)
Compare/Contrast-identifying similarities or differences in the reading
Fact-a statement that can be proved or disproved
Opinion- a belief or conclusion that is not supported by evidence or facts
Visual Aids- visual representation of the information presented; usually helps clarify or explaininformation to the reader (graphs, charts, etc.)
Cause/Effect- describes a relationship between events; the first event in time is the cause and thesecond event is the effect
Bias- the writer’s attitude,outlook or prejudice; writer’s leaning or belief about a topic
Main Idea-the most important idea in a passage; the point the author is trying to make
Literal-adhering to the fact or the primary meaning or intent
Implied-a suggested meaning or intent (as opposed to explicit)
Explicit-clearly revealed or expressed
Propaganda- the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or hurting a cause
Bandwagon-a persuasive technique that attempts to get people to follow the crowd using the logical fallacy that since “everyone likes it”, it must be good
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Epic- a narrative poem,usually about the heroic adventures and heroic deeds of a folk hero (e.g.,Homer’s “Iliad”)
Lyric- a short poem that expresses personal feelings or emotions, often in a song-like style or form
Sonnet-a poem consisting of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme which expresses a thought or feeling in a unified way
Ballad- a narrative, often of folk origin and intended to be sung; consists of simple stanzas, usually with a refrain
Elegy- a song or poem written as a lament for the dead
Haiku-a style of Japanese poetry consisting of three unrhymed lines of 5,7,5 syllables; traditionally about nature or the seasons
Free Verse- a style of poetry that has an irregular rhyme or line pattern; verse that is developed according to the author’s own style
ELEMENTS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Simile- comparison of two unlike objects using like or as
Metaphor- direct comparison of two unlike objects
Personification- giving human attributes to non-human things
Hyperbole- a figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humor
Idiom- expression that means something different that the words actually mean; understandable to a particular culture, language, or group of people (e.g. “let the cat out of the bag”)
PARAGRAPHING TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Topic Sentence- providesclear and easily identifiable purpose and main idea
Supporting Sentences- the details used in writing to prove, explain, or describe a topic
Conclusion Sentence-summarizes or retells the main idea as an effective way to end
Transitions-words or phrases that connect or tie ideas, words, sentences, or paragraphs together
Introductory Paragraph- the first paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention, makes him or her want to read the rest of the composition, and states the main idea
Thesis Statement-a statement that gives the main idea or focus of an essay
Body Paragraph-the details used in paragraphs to prove, explain, or describe a topic; all paragraphs in the body work together to support the main idea
Concluding Paragraph- the final paragraph that ties the ideas together and restates the main idea